CLARK W. HEATH, M.D. is a medical doctor, specializing in epidemiology and preventive and community medicine. He has been Clinical Professor of Community Health, Emory University School of Public Health since 1990. He has taught community health, preventive medicine, epidemiology and biostatistics at Emory University School of Medicine, and the University of South Carolina School of Medicine and School of Public Health. In addition to his academic appointment, he was most recently Associate Chief of Research, Radiation Effects Research Foundation of the National Academy of Sciences, based in Hiroshima, Japan. From 1988 to 1998 he was Vice President for Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society. From 1985 to 1988, he was Director, Bureau of Preventive Health Services, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. From 1983 to 1985 he was Professor of Community Health, in the Master of Public Health Program, Department of Community Health, Emory University School of Medicine, and Community Health Consultant, Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control (CDC). From 1965 to 1982, he was a senior scientist at the Center for Disease Control, with responsibility for numerous projects dealing with epidemiology, including cancer and birth defects, viral diseases, and chronic diseases. Dr. Heath has served as an advisor to numerous committees, commissions and panels for the U.S. government, international organizations, and scholarly institutions in the fields of epidemiology, occupational medicine and environmental science. He is a fellow of the American College of Epidemiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science; he is a member of numerous professional and scholarly organizations, including the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Epidemiological Society, the American Public Health Association, the American Society of Preventive Oncology, the International Epidemiological Association, the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology and the Society for Epidemiologic Research. Dr. Heath has received awards fro meritorious service from the United States Public Health Service and the Center for Disease Control.

DUDLEY HERSCHBACH is a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1986). He is Baird Professor of Science at Harvard University, where he was previously Professor of Chemistry, Chairman of the Chemistry Department and Chairman of the Chemical Physics program. He is the recipient of the Pure Chemistry Prize of the American Chemical Society, the Linus Pauling Medal, the Michael Polanyi Medal, the Irving Langmuir Prize of the American Physical Society, the National Medal of Science and the Jaroslav Heyrovsky Medal.

GERALD HOLTON is Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University. His fields of interest include the theory of science, and he is the author of, among others, books on SCIENCE AND THE MODERN MIND (1958); THE 20TH CENTURY SCIENCES: STUDIES IN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY (1971); THEMATIC ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT: KEPLER TO EINSTEIN (1973) AND (2D. ED. 1988).

NATHAN R. HURT is vice president of IDM Environmental Corp. Previously, he worked for Los Alamos Technical Associates and the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. He was president of the Goodyear Atomic Corporation, a subsidiary of Goodyear Tire. He is a mechanical engineer with 50 years of experience in the chemical and nuclear industries. He is a recent Past President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. His chemical industry experience includes design, construction and plant management -- primarily in vinyl monomers and copolymers, synthetic rubbers and resins, and polyesters. His nuclear industry experience consists of project management, facilities management, and marketing in uranium enrichment and weapons plants. He is currently a member of the Nuclear Engineering Advisory Board of Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

DANIEL M. KAMMEN is an environmental physicist and researcher. He is Professor of Energy Policy at the University of California at Berkeley. Previously he was Assistant Professor of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. He is the author or contributor to over 40 articles on renewable energy, technology policy and economic development.

JEROME KARLE is a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1985). He is the Chief Scientist of the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter of the Naval Research Laboratory and holds the Chair of Science at the Laboratory. He is the recipient of more than 20 honorary degrees, prizes and awards. He is a past Chairman of the Chemistry Section of the National Academy of Sciences and Co-President of the Academic Senate of the International Academy of Science.

STEVEN H. LAMM, M.D., D.T.P.H. is a medical doctor; he also holds a diploma in tropical public health. He is board certified in pediatrics, in occupational medicine and preventive medicine. He is a charter fellow of the American College of Epidemiology, and a winner of the Annual Prize of the Society for Epidemiologic Research. Dr. Lamm also holds a Master of Science degree in biophysics. He is President of Consultants in Epidemiology & Occupational Health, Inc., Associate in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins University-Bloomber School of Public Health and Hygiene and Adjunct Professor, Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC. He was Senior Epidemiologist in the Epidemiology Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health; Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer at the Centers for Disease Control. He has served as a consultant to the Food Advisory Committee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a consultant on Vaccine Complications to the Health Resources and Services Administration, USPHS, consultant to government of Inner Mongolia on the Health Effects of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water, consultant to TERIS (Teratology Information Service-University of Washington), consultant to the United States Department of Justice on Mustard Gas, consultant to the U. S. Justice Department on Epidemiology and Toxic Tort Litigation, consultant, Halogenated Organics Subcommittee, Environmental Health Committee, Science Advisory Board, Environmental Protection Agency, consultant in Drug Effect Epidemiology (Teratology), U.S. District Court, Cincinnati, OH, consultant in Epidemiology, Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Justice, consultant in Birth Defect Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics.

ARTHUR M. LANGER is the Director of the Environmental Sciences Laboratory of the Institute of Applied Sciences and Professor of Geology at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. He was Associate Professor in the Center for Polypeptide and Membrane Research at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York and Associate Professor of Mineralogy at Mt. Sinai.

RALPH LAPP earned his Ph.D. in Physics at the University of Chicago in 1946. He was Assistant Laboratory Director, Metallurgical Laboratory, Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project, and Scientific Advisor to the United States War Department General Staff from 1946 to1949. He is the founder of Lapp, Inc., specializing in radiation assessment. He is also the author of 22 books, including NUCLEAR RADIATION PHYSICS (1949).

JOSHUA LEDERBERG is a Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine for his work in genetics. He is currently president emeritus and university professor and Sackler Foundation Scholar at The Rockefeller University. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he has been awarded the National Medal of Science. In addition to his earned doctorate from Yale University, he has received honorary degrees from numerous prominent universities in the United States and abroad.

WASSILY LEONTIEF (deceased) was a Nobel Laureate in Economics (1973). He is University Professor of Economics at New York University and Director of the Institute for Economic Analysis. He was previously Henry Lee Professor of Political Economy and Professor of Economics at Harvard University and Director of the Harvard Economic Research Project. He has been awarded 13 honorary degrees and numerous prizes and other honors, including an honorary doctorate from the University of Paris (Sorbonne), Karl Marx University, Budapest and the University of Pennsylvania. He is a member and past president of the American Economic Association.

RICHARD S. LINDZEN is Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was previously Burden Professor of Dynamic Meteorology and Director of the Center for Earth and Planetary Physics at Harvard University. He is the recipient of the Macelwane Medal of the American Geophysical Union and of the Meisinger and Charney Awards of the American Meteorological Society.

WILLIAM N. LIPSCOMB is a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1976). He is Abbott and James Lawrence Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and was previously Abbott and James Lawrence Professor of Chemistry and Chairman of the Department of Chemistry at Harvard University. He is the recipient of numerous honorary degrees, prizes, medals and awards in the field of science, including the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry, the George Ledlie Prize, the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry, the Alexander von Humboldt Senior U.S. Scientist Award and the National Institutes of Health Merit Award.

LAWRENCE LITT is a Fellow of the Division of Biological Physics of the American Physical Society. He received his Ph.D. in physics at Harvard University and was on the faculty of the Michigan State Physics Department. He then earned an M.D. degree and redirected his research and clinical career into medicine. He is a tenured professor of anesthesia and radiology at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), where he is also an attending physician at the Moffitt-Long Hospitals and a member of the UCSF/UC-Berkeley Graduate Program in Bioengineering. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Anesthesiology. His research in brain metabolism is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Litt has also served through membership on numerous research review panels of NIH. At Moffitt-Long Hospitals, Dr. Litt has been the Radiation Safety Officer of the Anesthesia Department since 1983.

JOHN B. LITTLE, M.D. is James Stevens Simmons Professor of Radiobiology at Harvard University and Director of the Kresge Center for Environmental Health at Harvard University. He was previously Chairman of the Department of Physiology and Professor of Radiobiology at the Harvard University School of Public Health. He has been a consultant on Radiobiology to the Massachusetts General Hospital since 1965.

LEE LOEVINGER, was a judge of the Supreme Court of Minnesota, Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and a commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission. He was a founding member of the American Bar Association Section of Science and Technology, and is on the editorial board of and a frequent contributor of articles on science, technology and law to JURIMETRICS, the journal of the American Bar Association Section of Science and Technology. He is a leader in the study of issues at the intersection of law and science. He is currently of counsel to the Washington, D.C. law firm Hogan & Hartson.

DONALD B. LOURIA, M.D. is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health and Professor of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - New Jersey Medical School. He is a consultant in infectious diseases at the Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases.

MIKE McCORMACK has bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry, and taught chemistry at the College of Puget Sound. He was a research scientist (radio-isotope separations) at the Hanford Atomic Energy Commission facility from 1950 to 1970. He was a member of the Washington State Legislature from 1956 to 1970, representing Hanford and the immediate downwind area, and was vice chair of the Washinton State Legislature’s Joint Committee on Nuclear Energy, and the author of the model Thermal Power Plant Siting legislation. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1970 to 1980 from the State of Washington, and was a member of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and Chair of the House Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production. He was the author of legislation creating research, design and development programs in solar, wind and geothermal energy, electric vehicles and nuclear fusion. He is founder and director of the Washington State Institute for Science and Society to enhance the level of science literacy among public officials, members of the news media, school teachers, and the general public.

ROBERT J. McCUNNEY, M.D., M.P.H. is Director of the Environmental Medical Service at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a staff physician in the pulmonary division of the department of medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Previously he was Chief of Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Director of the Occupational Medicine Residency Program at Boston University Medical Center. He is lecturer in medicine at the Harvard Medical School. He is currently President of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM). He is board certified in occupational medicine. Dr. McCunney is the author or co-author of numerous book chapters and articles on occupational medicine, environmental medicine, and is the editor of HANDBOOK OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE (1988), A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (1998) and MEDICAL CENTER OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (1999) and is the editor of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Report.

JAMES H. MERRITT is a Colonel in the United States Army and senior researcher at the Armstrong Laboratory at Brooks Air Force Base.

RICHARD K. MILLER is Associate Chair, Director of the Division of Research of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor of Toxicology, Professor of Environmental Medicine, Professor of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, in the Department of at the School of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Rochester. He is also Director of the Perinatal Environmental/Drug Consultation Service of the New York State/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Teratology Information Service and is Coordinator, Human Investigations on the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of Strong Memorial Hospital. From 1990 to 1998 Dr. Miller was Director of the National Institutes of Health Environmental Health Sciences Analytical Facility. His research interests include female reproduction and placental function, drug metabolism, reproductive pharmacology and toxicology, transplacental carcinogenicity, tetratogenicity, and biochemical mechanisms in abnormal mammal development and environmental exposures. His memberships include: the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, the NeuroBehaviorial Teratology Society, the Organization of Teratology Information Services, the Perinatal Research Society, the Society of Toxicology, and the Teratology Society (of which he has served as President, chair of the publications committee and other elected positions). He was associate editor for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology of Teratology and a member of the board of editors of Teratology and of several other scholarly journals in the fields of reproductive toxicology, and maternalfetal development. He served as chair of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council panel on reproductive and developmental toxicology of the committee on biological markers, and is a member of the Committee on Developmental Toxicology of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council. Dr. Miller is the co-author of 10 books on the physiology, biology, pathology, toxicology and pharmacologic function of the placenta; he is the co-author of over 130 published articles and numerous abstracts on, among other topics, fetal development, pharmacokinetics of the human placenta, placental function and toxicity, fetal drug response, teratogenicity, and reproductive and perinatal toxicology.

A. ALAN MOGHISSI is President of the Institute for Regulatory Science, a non-profit organization dedicated to the idea that societal decisions must be based on the best available scientific information. The activities of the Institute include research, scientific assessment, and science education at all levelsparticularly the education of minorities. Dr. Moghissi held positions at the U.S. Public Health Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). He served in a number of capacities at EPA, including Director of the Bioenvironmental/Radiological Research Division; Principal Science Advisor for Radiation and Hazardous Materials; and Manager of the Health and Environmental Risk Analysis Program. After his retirement from the EPA, Dr. Moghissi joined the University of Maryland at Baltimore as Assistant Vice President for Environmental Health and Safety; subsequently he was Associate Vice President for Environmental Health and Safety at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Moghissi's research has ranged from measurement of pollutants to the biological effects of environmental agents. He was the editor-in-chief of Environment International and Waste Management and editor-in-chief of Technology traces its roots to the Journal of The Franklin Institute, one of America's oldest continuously published journals of science and technology.

BROOKE T. MOSSMAN is Professor of Pathology at the University of Vermont. He is a member of the Science Advisory Board, Environmental Health Committee of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, a member of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Board of Scientific Counselors, a member of the Pulmonary Diseases Advisory Committee of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee (Personnel for Research) of the American Cancer Society.

JOHN E. MOULDER is Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiology and Pharmacology at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Director of the Experimental Radiotherapy Program at the Cancer Center of the Medical College of Wisconsin, and Director of Radiation Biology at the Medical College of Wisconsin.

RODNEY NICHOLS was President and chief executive officer of the New York Academy of Sciences. He has been a member of the Executive Committee of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology and Government and was the principal author of the Commission's report "Science and Technology in U.S. International Affairs" (1992).

ROBERT NOLAN is Director of the International Environmental Research Foundation; he was Associate Director of the Environmental Sciences Laboratory of the Applied Sciences Institute of the City University of New York and a member of the Doctoral Faculty in Chemistry at the Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York. He is a Visiting Scientist at the American Museum of Natural History. He is an advisor to the World Health Organization International Program on Chemical Safety.

ROBERT L. PARK is Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland, where he was formerly Chairman of the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Director of the Center of Materials Research. He is also Director of the Washington, D.C. office of the American Physical Society, of which he is a Fellow. Previously, Dr. Park was Director of the Surface Physics Division of Sandia Laboratories. He earned his doctorate in physics at Brown University, where he was Edgar Lewis Marston Fellow.

ARNO A. PENZIAS is a Nobel Laureate in Physics (1978). He is Vice President of Research at Lucent Technologies. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Astronomical Society, the American Physical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He has received numerous honors, prizes, medals, awards and honorary degrees including the Herschel Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1977), the American Physical Society Pake Prize and the Joseph Handleman Prize in the Sciences.

FRANCESCO POMPEI is President of Exergen Corporation, an engineering firm that designs, develops and manufactures infrared scanners, instrumentation and control devices for industrial and medical use. He holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in mechanical engineering from M.I.T. He is the holder of over 30 United States patents for radiation detection, temperature measurement, fuel injection systems and heating technology. He is the author or co-author of over 20 articles published in peer reviewed journals, including the New England Journal of Medicine, Medical Electronics, and Transactions of ASHRAE.

JANINE E. POLIFKA, is Project Director for the Teratogen Information System (TERIS) and a member of the faculty of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington. She is the author or co-author of more than 30 articles or published papers on teratology and related subjects.

ROBERT V. POUND is Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics (emeritus) at Harvard University, former Chairman of the Department of Physics and former Director of the Physics Laboratories at Harvard University. Professor Pound was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1990.

NORMAN RAMSEY is a Nobel laureate in Physics. He received his A.B. and M.A. from Columbia University and similar degrees from Cambridge University. In 1940 he received a Ph.D. from Columbia University for molecular beam studies with I. I. Rabi. He was awarded an Sc.D. by Cambridge University in 1954 and by Oxford University in 1973 as well as honorary doctorates from numerous colleges and universities. He was Executive Secretary of the group scientists who established Brookhaven National Laboratory and was the first Chairman of its Physics Department. Since 1947 he has been Higgins Professor of Physics at Harvard University. Dr. Ramsey's experimental work has ranged from molecular beams to particle physics and has concentrated on precision measurements of the electric and magnetic properties of nucleons, nuclei, atoms and molecules. He and his associates discovered the deuteron electric quadrupole moment, have studied proton-proton and electron-proton scattering and have measured many nuclear magnetic moments including those of the proton, neutron, and deuteron. He has studied nuclear interactions in molecules and the electron distribution within molecules, has proposed the first successful theories of the chemical shift in NMR and of the electron coupled spin-spin interactions in molecules and has developed the theory of thermodynamics at negative absolute temperatures. Dr. Ramsey and his associates have invented high precision methods of molecular beam spectroscopy including the atomic hydrogen maser and have set low limits to the electric dipole moment of the neutron as a test of time reversal symmetry. He and his associates observed for the first time parity non-conserving spin rotations of neutrons passing through matter. Dr. Ramsey's books include EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS, NUCLEAR MOMENTS, MOLECULAR BEAMS and QUICK CALCULUS. He has been a Guggenheim Fellow, was the George Eastman Professor at Oxford University in 1973-74 and visiting professor at many colleges and universities. He was Chairman of the Physics Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 1977-78 and President of the American Physical Society 1978-79. From 1966-81 he was President of Universities Research Association, which operates the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. He was a Trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and of Rockefeller University. From 1980 to 1986 he was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Institute of Physics and from 1985 to 1988 he was President of the national Phi Beta Kappa Society. Professor Ramsey is a member of the American Physical Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and is a Foreign Associate of the French Academy of Sciences. He has received the following honors: Presidential Certificate of Merit, E. 0. Lawrence Award, Davisson-Germer Prize, Columbia Award for Excellence in Science, IEEE Centennial Medal, IEEE Medal of Honor, Monie Ferst Award, Rabi Prize, Rumford Premium, Compton Medal, Oersted Medal, Pupin Medal, Erice Science for Peace Prize, Einstein Prize for Laser Science, Vannevar Bush Award, Alexander Hamilton Award, National Medal of Science and the Nobel Prize in Physics.

JOSEPH P. RING is Radiation Protection Officer at Harvard University, a Lecturer in Health Physics at the Harvard School of Public Health and an Adjunct Professor of Radiological Sciences at the University of Massachusetts at Lowell. He is a diplomat of the American Board of Health Physics. Dr. Ring is chair of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Committee N13 on Radiation Protection.

SALLY L. SATEL, M.D. is resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. She is also lecturer at Yale University Medical School, and was assistant professor of Psychiatry at Yale Medical School from 1988 to 1995. She was also a visiting research scientist at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. Dr. Satel has written numerous monographs and articles on drug treatment, the neurobiology of mental illness, neuropharmacology, the treatment of substance abuse, and depression, schizophrenia and paranoia. She earned her medical degree at Brown University. She is a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. She has won numerous awards, including the Menninger Award of the Central Neuropsychiatric Association.

GLENN T. SEABORG (deceased) was a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of California, former Chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and former Chancellor of the University of California.

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